Prof. dr. C.M. (Christian) Keysers
Faculty of Social and Behavioural Sciences
Programme group Brain and Cognition
Area of expertise: Empathy, Prosocial Behaviour, Social Decision-Making, Emotional Contagion, Social Neuroscience
Visiting address
- Nieuwe Achtergracht 129
- Room number: 0.09
Postal address
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Postbus 15915
1001 NK Amsterdam
Contact details
Social media
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Profile
My dream is to understand how what others feel and do influences how we feel and what we do. Why does it make us shudder to see a friend injure themselves? Why do we so intuitively understand how our partner feels? How does it motivate us to help others?
Together with my social brain lab, located within the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience of the KNAW, we use thnin.e powerful tools of neuroscience to contribute to our understanding of these questions. Using a combination of non-invasive neuroimaging in humans and invasive neurophysiology in animals, we study how the neurons involved in our own actions, sensations and emotions come to play to let us share and predict the actions, sensations and emotions of others and to take social decisions.
This research helps us understand the fabric of our social nature, empathy and prosociality and why some of us struggle with the social world more than others.
Research expertise
- Empathy
- Prosocial Behaviour
- Social Decision-Making
- Emotional Contagion
- Social Neuroscience
Media appearances
Other links
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Research
Research methods
- (f)MRI at 3T and 7T
- Intracranial recordings in human patients
- Electrophysiology in rodents
- Opto/Chemo genetics
- Computational Modeling
Current research projects
- SOMEME: we aim to understand how animals learn about the safety of their environment from witnessing what happens to others
- GUTS: a collaboration of researchers from seven universities and a wide variety of disciplines that share one mission: to understand how young people grow up in a complex society
Research grants
- 2024 – 2025 Sanford Award, UCSD, “Identifying Emotional Contagion Across Humans and Rodents” [Shared PI with Monique Smith, Valeria Gazzola and Fadel Zeiden], 300k€
- 2023 – 2028 NWO ENW open competition XL grant “Brain-wide dynamics for socially-mediated memory acquisition” [shared PI with Valeria Gazzola and Francesco Battaglia], 3088k€
- 2023 – 2033 NWO gravity grant “Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS)” [co-PI of a consortium lead by E. Crone], 22M€
- 2022 – 2025 NWO ENW open competition M grant “Towards a circuit level understanding of emotional contagion”, 350k€
- 2016 – 2022 NWO VICI grant “From vicarious activations to neurons and social behaviour - a cross-species approach”, 1500k€
- 2013 – 2017 ERC consolidator grant “Cracking the code and flow of empathy”, 1780k€
- 2011 – 2015 NIHC grant “Theory of Mind and Mirror Neurons in autism”, 500k€
- 2010 – 2014 N.W.O. Excellence Network “Development of Joint Actions”, 500k€ [co-PI with Rainer Goebel and Harold Bekkering]
- 2010 – 2014 NIHC grant “Neural Markers of Psychiatric Disorders”, 400k€
- 2009 – 2013 N.W.O. MaGW open competition grant (200k€)
- 2005 – 2010 European Marie Curie Excellence Grant (~1.4M€)
- 2004 – 2009 VIDI grant of the dutch science foundation N.W.O. (~1M€)
Honours & prizes
- 2020 Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science
- 2017 Member of the European Science Foundation College of Experts.
- 2016 Elected Member of the Academia Europaea
- 2016 NWO VICI personal grant (1500k€)
- 2014 Elected to the Board of the Young Academy of Europe
- 2013 Elected Member to the Young Academy of Europe
- 2013 Maximum possible rating (world class) at the KNAW peer-review of the NIN
- 2012 ERC consolidator grant (1780k€)
- 2005 Researcher of the Year Award of the UMCG (100k€)
- 2004 Marie Curie Excellence Award for outstanding research (50k€)
- 2005 – 2006 Visiting professor at Caltech
- 2012 IPPY prize for “The Empathic Brain”, Best Independent Science Book 2012
Current cooperation
- Dr Valeria Gazzola: Over the past 20 years, I co-lead the social brain lab with Dr Valeria Gazzola
- UCSD: we are currently collaborating with Dr Monique Smith and Sadel Zeidan from UCSD on a better understand of empathy across rodents and humans
- GUTS: we collaborate with scientists across eight universities (EUR, VU, Leiden, Groningen, AUMC, Utrecht, RU, UvA) in the Netherlands to better understand how children grow up in our society
- DBI2: As an affiliated member of DBI2.nl, we collaborate with 60 scientists across eight dutch universities to develop neurotechnologies to better understand the brain.
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Teaching
PhD supervision
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Publications
- refereed (103)
- academic (6)
- professional (3)
- other output (1)
- recognitions (11)
- supervised theses (6)
- datasets (1)
2024
Chen, J., Putkinen, V., Seppälä, K., Hirvonen, J., Ioumpa, K., Gazzola, V., Keysers, C., & Nummenmaa, L. (2024). Endogenous opioid receptor system mediates costly altruism in the human brain. Communications biology, 7, Article 1401. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-024-07084-7 [details]- Crone, E. A., Bol, T., Braams, B. R., de Rooij, M., Franke, B., Franken, I., Gazzola, V., Güroğlu, B., Huizenga, H., Hulshoff Pol, H., Keijsers, L., Keysers, C., Krabbendam, L., Jansen, L., Popma, A., Stulp, G., van Atteveldt, N., van Duijvenvoorde, A., & Veenstra, R. (2024). Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS): A team science effort to predict societal trajectories in adolescence and young adulthood. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 67, Article 101403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101403 [details]
- Hartmann, H., Orlando, E. M., Borja, K., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2024). Cognitive control: exploring the causal role of the rTPJ in empathy for pain mediated by contextual information. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 19, Article nsae057. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsae057 [details]
- Downloads
- nsae057
- Supplementary files
- nsae057 supp
- Downloads
- Ioumpa, K., Gallo, S., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2024). Neural mechanisms of costly helping in the general population and mirror-pain synesthetes. Scientific Reports, 14, Article 11617. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-62422-3 [details]
- Downloads
- s41598-024-62422-3
- Supplementary files
- 41598 2024 62422 MOESM1 ESM
- Downloads
- Keysers, C., Silani, G., & Gazzola, V. (2024). Predictive coding for the actions and emotions of others and its deficits in autism spectrum disorders. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 167, Article 105877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105877 [details]
- Nikolic, M., di Plinio, S., Sauter, D., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2024). The blushing brain: neural substrates of cheek temperature increase in response to self-observation. Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 291(2027), Article 20240958. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.0958
- Packheiser, J., Hartmann, H., Fredriksen, K., Gazzola, V., Keysers, C., & Michon, F. (2024). A systematic review and multivariate meta-analysis of the physical and mental health benefits of touch interventions. Nature Human Behaviour, 8(6), 1088-1107. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-024-01841-8 [details]
- van Rijn, L. H., van de Groep, S., Achterberg, M., Wierenga, L., Braams, B. R., Gazzola, V., Güroğlu, B., Keysers, C., Nauta-Jansen, L., van Duijvenvoorde, A., Krabbendam, L., & Crone, E. A. (2024). Delay discounting in adolescence depends on whom you wait for: Evidence from a functional neuroimaging study. Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, 70, Article 101463. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcn.2024.101463 [details]
2023
- Fornari, L., Ioumpa, K., Nostro, A. D., Evans, N. J., De Angelis, L., Speer, S. P. H., Paracampo, R., Gallo, S., Spezio, M., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2023). Neuro-computational mechanisms and individual biases in action-outcome learning under moral conflict. Nature Communications, 14, Article 1218. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-023-36807-3 [details]
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2023). Vicarious Emotions of Fear and Pain in Rodents. Affective Science, 4(4), 662-671. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-023-00198-x [details]
- Michon, F., Packheiser, J., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2023). Sharing Positive Affective States Amongst Rodents. Affective Science, 4(3), 475-479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42761-023-00201-5 [details]
- Packheiser, J., Soyman, E., Paradiso, E., Michon, F., Ramaaker, E., Sahin, N., Muralidharan, S., Wöhr, M., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2023). Audible pain squeaks can mediate emotional contagion across pre-exposed rats with a potential effect of auto-conditioning. Communications biology, 6, Article 1085. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-023-05474-x [details]
- Qin, C., Michon, F., Onuki, Y., Ishishita, Y., Otani, K., Kawai, K., Fries, P., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2023). Predictability alters information flow during action observation in human electrocorticographic activity. Cell Reports, 42(11), Article 113432. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2023.113432 [details]
- Speer, S. P. H., Keysers, C., Campdepadrós Barrios, J., Teurlings, C. J. S., Smidts, A., Boksem, M. A. S., Wager, T. D., & Gazzola, V. (2023). A multivariate brain signature for reward. NeuroImage, 271, Article 119990. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.119990 [details]
- Downloads
- 1-s2.0-S1053811923001362-main
- Supplementary files
- 1-s2.0-S1053811923001362-mmc1
- Downloads
2022
- Caspar, E. A., Ioumpa, K., Arnaldo, I., Di Angelis, L., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2022). Commanding or Being a Simple Intermediary: How Does It Affect Moral Behavior and Related Brain Mechanisms? eNeuro, 9(5). Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1523/ENEURO.0508-21.2022 [details]
- Cerliani, L., Bhandari, R., De Angelis, L., van der Zwaag, W., Bazin, P-L., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2022). Predictive coding during action observation - A depth-resolved intersubject functional correlation study at 7T. Cortex, 148, 121-138. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cortex.2021.12.008 [details]
- Downloads
- 1-s2.0-S0010945222000016-main
- Supplementary files
- 1-s2.0-S0010945222000016-mmc1
- Downloads
- Keysers, C., Knapska, E., Moita, M. A., & Gazzola, V. (2022). Emotional contagion and prosocial behavior in rodents. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 26(8), 688-706. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2022.05.005 [details]
- Soyman, E., Bruls, R., Ioumpa, K., Müller-Pinzler, L., Gallo, S., Qin, C., van Straaten, E. C. W., Self, M. W., Peters, J. C., Possel, J. K., Onuki, Y., Baayen, J. C., Idema, S., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2022). Intracranial human recordings reveal association between neural activity and perceived intensity for the pain of others in the insula. eLife, 11, Article e75197. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.75197 [details]
- Downloads
- elife-75197-v2
- Supplementary files
- elife-75197-transrepform1-v2
- Downloads
2021
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2021). Emotional contagion: Improving survival by preparing for socially sensed threats. Current Biology, 31(11), R728-R730. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2021.03.100 [details]
- Paradiso, E., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2021). Neural mechanisms necessary for empathy-related phenomena across species. Current opinion in neurobiology, 68, 107-115. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2021.02.005 [details]
2020
- Bhandari, R., Kirilina, E., Caan, M., Suttrup, J., De Sanctis, T., De Angelis, L., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2020). Does higher sampling rate (multiband + SENSE) improve group statistics - An example from social neuroscience block design at 3T. NeuroImage, 213, Article 116731. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116731 [details]
- Downloads
- 1-s2.0-S1053811920302184-main
- Supplementary files
- 1-s2.0-S1053811920302184-mmc1
- Downloads
- Borja Jimenez, K. C., Abdelgabar, A. R., De Angelis, L., McKay, L. S., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2020). Changes in brain activity following the voluntary control of empathy. NeuroImage, 216, Article 116529. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116529 [details]
- Caspar, E. A., Ioumpa, K., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2020). Obeying orders reduces vicarious brain activation towards victims' pain. NeuroImage, 222, Article 117251. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.117251 [details]
- Downloads
- 1-s2.0-S1053811920307370-main
- Supplementary files
- 1-s2.0-S1053811920307370-mmc1
- Downloads
- Gallo, S., Baaijen Thijs, J., Suttrup, J., Fernandes-Henriques, C., Paracampo, R., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2020). Bayesian statistics show a lack of change in excitability following bi-hemispheric HD-TDCS over the primary somatosensory cortices. Brain Stimulation, 13(3), 640-642. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2020.02.009 [details]
- Han, Y., Sichterman, B., Carrillo, M., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2020). Similar levels of emotional contagion in male and female rats. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 2763. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-59680-2 [details]
- Hernandez-Lallement, J., Attah, A. T., Soyman, E., Pinhal, C. M., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2020). Harm to Others Acts as a Negative Reinforcer in Rats. Current Biology, 30(6), 949-961, e1-e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2020.01.017 [details]
- Keysers, C., Gazzola, V., & Wagenmakers, E-J. (2020). Author Correction: Using Bayes factor hypothesis testing in neuroscience to establish evidence of absence. Nature Neuroscience, 23(11), 1453. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-00710-7
- Keysers, C., Gazzola, V., & Wagenmakers, E-J. (2020). Using Bayes factor hypothesis testing in neuroscience to establish evidence of absence. Nature Neuroscience, 23(7), 788-799. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41593-020-0660-4 [details]
- Downloads
- s41593-020-0660-4
- Supplementary files
- 41593 2020 660 MOESM1 ESM
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2019
- Abdelgabar, A. R., Suttrup, J., Broersen, R., Bhandari, R., Picard, S., Keysers, C., De Zeeuw, C. I., & Gazzola, V. (2019). Action perception recruits the cerebellum and is impaired in patients with spinocerebellar ataxia. Brain, 142(12), 3791-3805. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz337 [details]
- Downloads
- awz337
- Supplementary files
- awz337 supplementary material
- Downloads
- Carrillo, M., Han, Y., Migliorati, F., Liu, M., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2019). Correction to: Emotional Mirror Neurons in the Rat's Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Current Biology, 29(12), 2104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.05.064
- Carrillo, M., Han, Y., Migliorati, F., Liu, M., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2019). Emotional Mirror Neurons in the Rat's Anterior Cingulate Cortex. Current Biology, 29(8), 1301-1312.e6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.03.024 [details]
- Cracco, E., Keysers, C., Clauwaert, A., & Brass, M. (2019). Representing Multiple Observed Actions in the Motor System. Cerebral Cortex, 29(8), 3631-3641. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhy237 [details]
- Han, Y., Bruls, R., Soyman, E., Thomas, R. M., Pentaraki, V., Jelinek, N., Heinemans, M., Bassez, I., Verschooren, S., Pruis, I., Van Lierde, T., Carrillo, N., Gazzola, V., Carrillo, M., & Keysers, C. (2019). Bidirectional cingulate-dependent danger information transfer across rats. PLoS Biology, 17(12), Article e3000524. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3000524 [details]
- Related datasets
- Keysers, C., Gazzola, V., Han, Y. & Maria, C. (2019). Bidirectional cingulate-dependent danger information transfer across rats. Mendeley Data. https://doi.org/10.17632/h8fkyr2z35.1
- Related datasets
- Kompier, N. F., Keysers, C., Gazzola, V., Lucassen, P. J., & Krugers, H. J. (2019). Early Life Adversity and Adult Social Behavior: Focus on Arginine Vasopressin and Oxytocin as Potential Mediators. Frontiers in Behavioral Neuroscience, 13, Article 143. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00143 [details]
- Müller-Pinzler, L., Czekalla, N., Mayer, A. V., Stolz, D. S., Gazzola, V., Keysers, C., Paulus, F. M., & Krach, S. (2019). Negativity-bias in forming beliefs about own abilities. Scientific Reports, 9, Article 14416. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-50821-w [details]
- Downloads
- s41598-019-50821-w
- Supplementary files
- 41598 2019 50821 MOESM1 ESM
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- Nastase, S. A., Gazzola, V., Hasson, U., & Keysers, C. (2019). Measuring shared responses across subjects using intersubject correlation. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 14(6), 667-685. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsz037 [details]
2018
- Amodio, D. M., & Keysers, C. (2018). Editorial overview: New advances in social neuroscience: from neural computations to social structures. Current Opinion in Psychology, 24, iv-vi. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.10.017 [details]
- Amodio, D., & Keysers, C. (Eds.) (2018). Social Neuroscience. Current Opinion in Psychology, 24, 1-98. https://www.sciencedirect.com/journal/current-opinion-in-psychology/vol/24/suppl/C [details]
- Gallo, S., Paracampo, R., Müller-Pinzler, L., Severo, M. C., Blömer, L., Fernandes-Henriques, C., Henschel, A., Lammes, B. K., Maskaljunas, T., Suttrup, J., Avenanti, A., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2018). The causal role of the somatosensory cortex in prosocial behaviour. eLife, 7, Article e32740. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.32740 [details]
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2018). Neural Correlates of Empathy in Humans, and the Need for Animal Models. In K. Z. Meyza, & E. Knapska (Eds.), Neuronal Correlates of Empathy: From Rodent to Human (pp. 37-52). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-805397-3.00004-8 [details]
- Keysers, C., Paracampo, R., & Gazzola, V. (2018). What neuromodulation and lesion studies tell us about the function of the mirror neuron system and embodied cognition. Current Opinion in Psychology, 24, 35-40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.04.001 [details]
- Thomas, R. M., De Sanctis, T., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2018). Where and how our brain represents the temporal structure of observed action. NeuroImage, 183, 677-697. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2018.08.056 [details]
2017
- Fiocchi, S., Chiaramello, E., Gazzola, V., Suttrup, J., Ravazzani, P., & Parazzini, M. (2017). Assessment of the capability to target cerebellar sub-regions with high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation High-Definition transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: High-Definition transcranial Direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over the cerebellum. In IEEE RTSI 2017: Research and Technologies for Society and Industry, 3rd International Forum : 2017 conference proceedings : September 11-13 2017 - Modena, Italy (pp. 367-372). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/RTSI.2017.8065894 [details]
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2017). A Plea for Cross-species Social Neuroscience. In M. Wöhr, & S. Krach (Eds.), Social Behavior from Rodents to Humans: Neural Foundations and Clinical Implications (pp. 179-191). (Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences; Vol. 30). Springer. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_439 [details]
- Modinos, G., McLaughlin, A., Egerton, A., McMullen, K., Kumari, V., Barker, G. J., Keysers, C., & Williams, S. C. R. (2017). Corticolimbic hyper-response to emotion and glutamatergic function in people with high schizotypy: a multimodal fMRI-MRS study. Translational Psychiatry, 7(4), Article e1083. https://doi.org/10.1038/tp.2017.53 [details]
2016
- Etzel, J. A., Valchev, N., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. M. (2016). Is Brain Activity during Action Observation Modulated by the Perceived Fairness of the Actor? PLoS ONE, 11(1), Article e0145350. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0145350 [details]
- Valchev, N., Gazzola, V., Avenanti, A., & Keysers, C. (2016). Primary somatosensory contribution to action observation brain activity—combining fMRI and cTBS. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 11(8), 1205-1217. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsw029 [details]
- Zaki, J., Wager, T. D., Singer, T., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2016). The Anatomy of Suffering: Understanding the Relationship between Nociceptive and Empathic Pain. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 20(4), 249-259. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2016.02.003 [details]
2015
- Bos, P. A., Montoya, E. R., Hermans, E. J., Keysers, C., & van Honk, J. (2015). Oxytocin reduces neural activity in the pain circuitry when seeing pain in others. NeuroImage, 113, 217-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.049
- Carrillo, M., Migliorati, F., Bruls, R., Han, Y., Heinemans, M., Pruis, I., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2015). Repeated Witnessing of Conspecifics in Pain: Effects on Emotional Contagion. PLoS ONE, 10(9), Article e0136979. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136979 [details]
- Cerliani, L., Mennes, M., Thomas, R. M., Di Martino, A., Thioux, M., & Keysers, C. (2015). Increased Functional Connectivity Between Subcortical and Cortical Resting-State Networks in Autism Spectrum Disorder. JAMA Psychiatry, 72(8), 767-777. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2015.0101
- Cui, F., Abdelgabar, A-R., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2015). Responsibility modulates pain-matrix activation elicited by the expressions of others in pain. NeuroImage, 114, 371-378. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.03.034 [details]
- Keysers, C. (2015). The straw man in the brain [Review of: G. Hickok (2014) The myth of mirror neurons: the real neuroscience of communication and cognition]. Science, 347(6219), 240. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1259030 [details]
- Müller-Pinzler, L., Gazzola, V., Keysers, C., Sommer, J., Jansen, A., Frässle, S., Einhäuser, W., Paulus, F. M., & Krach, S. (2015). Neural pathways of embarrassment and their modulation by social anxiety. NeuroImage, 119, 252-261. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.06.036 [details]
- Thioux, M., & Keysers, C. (2015). Object visibility alters the relative contribution of ventral visual stream and mirror neuron system to goal anticipation during action observation. NeuroImage, 105, 380-394. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.10.035
- Valchev, N., Zijdewind, I., Keysers, C., Gazzola, V., Avenanti, A., & Maurits, N. M. (2015). Weight dependent modulation of motor resonance induced by weight estimation during observation of partially occluded lifting actions. Neuropsychologia, 66, 237-245. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2014.11.030 [details]
- Valchev, N., Ćurčić-Blake, B., Renken, R. J., Avenanti, A., Keysers, C., Gazzola, V., & Maurits, N. M. (2015). cTBS delivered to the left somatosensory cortex changes its functional connectivity during rest. NeuroImage, 114, 386-397. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2015.04.017 [details]
2014
- Borgomaneri, S., Gazzola, V., & Avenanti, A. (2014). Temporal dynamics of motor cortex excitability during perception of natural emotional scenes. Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience, 9(10), 1451-1457. https://doi.org/10.1093/scan/nst139
- Cui, F., Arnstein, D., Thomas, R. M., Maurits, N. M., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2014). Functional magnetic resonance imaging connectivity analyses reveal efference-copy to primary somatosensory area, BA2. PLoS ONE, 9(1), Article e84367. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0084367
- Di Martino, A., Yan, C-G., Li, Q., Denio, E., Castellanos, F. X., Alaerts, K., Anderson, J. S., Assaf, M., Bookheimer, S. Y., Dapretto, M., Deen, B., Delmonte, S., Dinstein, I., Ertl-Wagner, B., Fair, D. A., Gallagher, L., Kennedy, D. P., Keown, C. L., Keysers, C., ... Milham, M. P. (2014). The autism brain imaging data exchange. Molecular Psychiatry, 19(6), 659-667. https://doi.org/10.1038/mp.2013.78
- Engel, A., Hijmans, B. S., Cerliani, L., Bangert, M., Nanetti, L., Keller, P. E., & Keysers, C. (2014). Inter-individual differences in audio-motor learning of piano melodies and white matter fiber tract architecture. Human Brain Mapping, 35(5), 2483-2497. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.22343
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2014). Dissociating the ability and propensity for empathy. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 18(4), 163-166. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2013.12.011
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2014). Hebbian learning and predictive mirror neurons for actions, sensations and emotions. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences, 369(1644), Article 20130175. https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2013.0175
- Keysers, C., Meffert, H., & Gazzola, V. (2014). Reply: Spontaneous versus deliberate vicarious representations: different routes to empathy in psychopathy and autism. Brain, 137(4), Article e273. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt376
- Keysers, C., Perrett, D. I., & Gazzola, V. (2014). Hebbian Learning is about contingency, not contiguity, and explains the emergence of predictive mirror neurons. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 37(2), 205-206. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X13002343
2013
- Lee, T. M., Sun, D., Leung, M-K., Chu, L. W., & Keysers, C. (2013). Neural activities during affective processing in people with Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiology of Aging, 34(3), 706-715. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2012.06.018
- Meffert, H., Gazzola, V., den Boer, J. A., Bartels, A. A. J., & Keysers, C. (2013). Reduced spontaneous but relatively normal deliberate vicarious representations in psychopathy. Brain, 136(8), 2550-2562. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt190
- Monfardini, E., Gazzola, V., Boussaoud, D., Brovelli, A., Keysers, C., & Wicker, B. (2013). Vicarious neural processing of outcomes during observational learning. PLoS ONE, 8(9), Article e73879. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073879
- Pineda, J. A., Grichanik, M., Williams, V., Trieu, M., Chang, H., & Keysers, C. (2013). EEG sensorimotor correlates of translating sounds into actions. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 7, Article 203. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2013.00203
2012
- Borgomaneri, S., Gazzola, V., & Avenanti, A. (2012). Motor mapping of implied actions during perception of emotional body language. Brain Stimulation, 5(2), 70-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2012.03.011
- Cerliani, L., Thomas, R. M., Jbabdi, S., Siero, J. C. W., Nanetti, L., Crippa, A., Gazzola, V., D'Arceuil, H., & Keysers, C. (2012). Probabilistic tractography recovers a rostrocaudal trajectory of connectivity variability in the human insular cortex. Human Brain Mapping, 33, 2005-2034. https://doi.org/10.1002/hbm.21338
- Engel, A., Bangert, M., Horbank, D., Hijmans, B. S., Wilkens, K., Keller, P. E., & Keysers, C. (2012). Learning piano melodies in visuo-motor or audio-motor training conditions and the neural correlates of their cross-modal transfer. NeuroImage, 63(2), 966-978. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.038
- Gazzola, V., Spezio, M. L., Etzel, J. A., Cstelli, F., Adolphs, R., & Keysers, C. (2012). Primary somatosensory cortex discriminates affective significance in social touch. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(25), E1657-E1666. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1113211109
- Hasson, U., Ghazanfar, A. A., Galantucci, B., Garrod, S., & Keysers, C. (2012). Brain-to-brain coupling: a mechanism for creating and sharing a social world. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 16(2), 114-121. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2011.12.007
2011
- Arnstein, D., Cui, F., Keysers, C., Maurits, N. M., & Gazzola, V. (2011). μ-Suppression during action observation and execution correlates with BOLD in dorsal premotor, inferior parietal and SI cortices. The Journal of Neuroscience, 31(40), 14243-14249. https://doi.org/10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0963-11.2011
- Atsak, P., Orre, M., Bakker, P., Cerliani, L., Roozendaal, B., Gazzola, V., Moita, M., & Keysers, C. (2011). Experience modulates vicarious freezing in rats: a model for empathy. PLoS ONE, 6(7), Article e21855. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0021855
- Bastiaansen, J. A., Meffert, H., Hein, S., Huizinga, P., Ketelaars, C., Pijnenborg, M., Bartels, A., Minderaa, R., Keysers, C., & De Bildt, A. (2011). Diagnosing autism spectrum disorders in adults: the use of autism diagnostic observation schedule (ADOS) module4. Journal of Autism and Development Disorders, 41, 1256-1266. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-010-1157-x
- Bastiaansen, J. A., Thioux, M., Nanettia, L., Van der Gaag, C., Ketelaars, C., Minderaa, R., & Keysers, C. (2011). Age-related increase in inferior frontal gyrus activity and social functioning in autism spectrum disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 69, 832-838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2010.11.007
- Etzel, J. A., Valchev, N., & Keysers, C. (2011). The impact of certain methodological choices on multivariate analysis of fMRI data with support vector machines. NeuroImage, 54(2), 1159-1167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2010.08.050
- Keysers, C., & McKay, L. S. (2011). How to make social neuroscience social. Psychological Inquiry, 22(3), 210-216. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2011.567960
- Quadvlieg, S., Etzel, J. A., Gazzola, V., Keysers, C., Schubert, T. W., Waiter, G. D., & Macrae, C. N. (2011). Puddles, parties, and professors: linking word categorization to neural patterns of visuospatial coding. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience, 23(10), 2636-2649. https://doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2011.21628
- Schippers, M. B., & Keysers, C. (2011). Mapping the flow of information within the putative mirror neuron system during gesture observation. NeuroImage, 57(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.018
- Schippers, M. B., Renken, R., & Keysers, C. (2011). The effect of intra- and inter-subject variability of hemodynamic responses on group level Granger CAusality analyses. NeuroImage, 57, 22-36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2011.02.008
2010
- Hurlemann, R., Walter, H., Rehme, A. K., Kukolja, J., Santoro, S. C., Schmidt, C., Schnell, K., Musshoff, F., Keysers, C., Maier, W., Kendrick, K. M., & Onur, O. A. (2010). Human amygdala reactivity is diminished by the beta-noradrenergic antagonist propranolol. Psychological Medicine, 40, 1839-1848. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291709992376
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2010). Social neuroscience: mirror neurons recorded in humans. Current Biology, 20(8), R353-R354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2010.03.013
- Keysers, C., Kaas, J. H., & Gazzola, V. (2010). Somatosensation in social perception. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11, 417-428. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2833
- Kokal, I., & Keysers, C. (2010). Granger causality mapping during joint actions reveals evidence for forward models that could overcome sensory-motor delays. PLoS ONE, 5(10), Article e13507. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0013507
- Schippers, M. B., Roebroeck, A., Renken, R., Nanettia, L., & Keysers, C. (2010). Mapping the information flow from one brain to another during gestural communication. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 107(20), 9388-9393. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1001791107
- Thioux, M., & Keysers, C. (2010). Empathy: shared circuits and their dysfunctions. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 12(4), 546-552. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3181990/
2009
- Etzel, J. A., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. M. (2009). An introduction to anatomical ROI-based fMRI classification analysis. Brain Research, 1282, 114-125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2009.05.090
- Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. M. (2009). The observation and execution of actions share motor and somatosensory voxels in all tested subjects: Single-subject analyses of unsmoothed fMRI data. Cerebral Cortex, 19(6), 1239-1255. https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhn181
- Keysers, C. (2009). Mirror neurons. Current Biology, 19(21), R971-R973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2009.08.026
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2009). Expanding the mirror: vicarious activity for actions, emotions and sensations. Current opinion in neurobiology, 19, 666-671. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conb.2009.10.006
- Kokal, I., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. M. (2009). Acting together in and beyond the mirror neuron system. NeuroImage, 47(4), 2046-2056. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.010
- Nanetti, L., Cerliani, L., Gazzola, V., Renken, R., & Keysers, C. M. (2009). Group analyses of connectivity-based cortical parcellation using repeated k-means clustering. NeuroImage, 47(4), 1666-1677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2009.06.014
- Schippers, M. B., Gazzola, V., Goebel, R., & Keysers, C. (2009). Playing charades in the fMRI: Are mirror and/or mentalizing areas involved in gestural communication? PLoS ONE, 4(8), Article e6801. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0006801
2008
- Etzel, J. A., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2008). Testing simulation theory with cross-modal multivariate classification of fMRI data. PLoS ONE, 3(11), Article e3690. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0003690
- Thioux, M., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. M. (2008). Action Understanding: How, What and Why. Current Biology, 18(10), R431-R434. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2008.03.018
2007
- Gazzola, V., Rizzolatti, G., Wicker, B., & Keysers, C. (2007). The anthropomorphic brain: The mirror neuron system responds to human and robotic actions. NeuroImage, 35(4), 1674-1684. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroimage.2007.02.003
- Gazzola, V., van der Worp, H., Mulder, T., Wicker, B., Rizzolatti, G., & Keysers, C. (2007). Aplasics Born without Hands Mirror the Goal of Hand Actions with Their Feet. Current Biology, 17(14), 1235-1240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2007.06.045
2006
- Gazzola, V., Aziz-Zadeh, L., & Keysers, C. (2006). Empathy and the Somatotopic Auditory Mirror System in Humans. Current Biology, 16(18), 1824-1829. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2006.07.072
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2006). Towards a unifying neural theory of social cognition. Progress in Brain Research, 156, 379-401. Article 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0079-6123(06)56021-2
2004
- Keysers, C., Wicker, B., Gazzola, V., Anton, J. L., Fogassi, L., & Gallese, V. (2004). A touching sight: SII/PV activation during the observation and experience of touch. Neuron, 42(2), 335-346. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0896-6273(04)00156-4
2024
- Keysers, C., & Michon, F. (2024). Can mirror self-recognition in mice unpack the neural underpinnings of self-awareness? Neuron, 112(2), 177-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2023.12.005 [details]
2020
- Han, Y., Sichterman, B., Carrillo, M., Gazzola, V., & Keysers, C. (2020). Author Correction: Similar levels of emotional contagion in male and female rats. Scientific Reports, 10, Article 12252. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-67128-w
2015
- Gallo, S., Lammes, B., Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2015). Individual respond to stimulation does matter: Combining bi-hemispheric hd tdcs and sep in empathy for pain. Brain Stimulation, 8(2), 351. Article 146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.134 [details]
2013
- Mihov, Y., Kendrick, K. M., Becker, B., Zschernack, J., Reich, H., Maier, W., Keysers, C., & Hurlemann, R. (2013). Mirror fear in the absence of a functional amygdala. Biological Psychiatry, 73(7), e9-e11. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsych.2012.10.029
2012
- Keysers, C. (2012). Primate cognition: copy that [Review of: F.B.M. de Waal, P.F. Ferrari (2012) The primate mind: built to connect with other minds]. Nature, 482(7384), 158-159. https://doi.org/10.1038/482158a
2010
- Keysers, C. M., Kaas, J. H., & Gazzola, V. (2010). Erratum: Somatosensation in social perception (Nature Reviews Neuroscience (2010) 11 (417-428)). Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 11(10), 726. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2919
2018
- Modinos, G., Egerton, A., Lythgoe, D. J., Barker, G. J., McMullen, K., Keysers, C., Aleman, A., Kumari, V., & Williams, S. C. R. (2018). NEUROBIOLOGY OF PSYCHOMETRIC SCHIZOTYPY: INSIGHTS FROM MULTIMODAL IMAGING RESEARCH. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 44, S89-S90.
2017
- Keysers, C. (2017). Optogenetics. In Know This: Today's most interesting and important scientific ideas, discoveries, and developments (pp. 402-404). Harper Perennial. [details]
2016
- Keysers, C., & Gazzola, V. (2016). From Vicarious Actions to Moral Behavior. In D. Evers, M. Fuller, A. Runehov, & K-W. Sæther (Eds.), Issues in Science and Theology: Do Emotions Shape the World? (pp. 99-118). (Issues in Science and Religion: Publications of the European Society for the Study of Science and Theology; Vol. 3). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26769-2_8 [details]
2015
- Suttrup, J., Keysers, C., & Thioux, M. (2015). The role of the theory of mind network in action observation - an rTMS study. Brain Stimulation, 8(2), 415-416. Article 343. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brs.2015.01.326 [details]
Prize / grant
- Keysers, C. & Gazzola, V. (2022). Gravity Grant: Growing Up Together in Society (GUTS).
- Keysers, C. & Gazzola, V. (2022). NWO ENW open competition XL grant “Brain-wide dynamics for socially-mediated memory acquisition”.
- Keysers, C. (2021). NWO-ENW open competition M grant: Towards a circuit level understanding of emotional contagion.
- Keysers, C. (2016). VICI.
- Keysers, C. (2012). IPPY prize for the best science book, "The Empathic Brain".
- Keysers, C. (2012). ERC consolidator grant.
- Keysers, C. (2004). Marie Curie Excellence Award.
Membership / relevant position
- Keysers, C. (2020-2050). Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, Association for Psychological Science.
- Keysers, C. (2016). Member, Academia Europaea.
- Keysers, C. (2014-2060). Young Academy of Europe. http://yacadeuro.org
Journal editor
- Keysers, C. (editor) (2012). Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B - Biological Sciences (Journal).
2023
2022
2020
2017
- Suttrup, J. (2017). Neural correlates of action perception. [Thesis, fully internal, Universiteit van Amsterdam]. [details]
- Downloads
- Thesis (complete)
- Front matter
- 1. General introduction
- 2. Consistent vicarious activations in the superior and inferior posterior cerebellum during action observation and execution
- 3. The role of the theory of mind network in action observation – an rTMS study
- 4. Understanding of gestural hesitation in toddlers
- 5. Neurotypical cerebral tuning to task irrelevant biological motion in autism
- 6. General discussion
- Bibliography
- Reference list and authors’ contributions | Funding
- Summary in English
- Samenvatting in het Nederlands
- Acknowledgments
- Downloads
2016
2015
- Borgomaneri, S. (2015). Your emotion moves into my motor system. [Thesis, externally prepared, Universiteit van Amsterdam]. [details]
- Downloads
- Thesis (complete)
- Front matter
- General introduction
- Chapter 1: Temporal dynamics of motor cortex excitability during perception of natural emotional scenes
- Chapter 2: Motor mapping of implied actions during perception of emotional body language
- Chapter 3: Transcranial magnetic stimulation reveals two functionally distinct stages of motor cortex involvement during perception of emotional body language
- Chapter 4: Seeing fearful body language rapidly freezes the observer’s motor cortex
- General discussion
- Summary in Dutch / Summary in English
- Back matter
- Downloads
2019
- Keysers, C., Gazzola, V., Han, Y. & Maria, C. (2019). Bidirectional cingulate-dependent danger information transfer across rats. Mendeley Data. https://doi.org/10.17632/h8fkyr2z35.1
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Ancillary activities
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Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience
Research -
Social Brain VOF
Lectures, Publishing
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Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience
Chen, J., Putkinen, V., Seppälä, K., Hirvonen, J., Ioumpa, K., Gazzola, V., Keysers, C., & Nummenmaa, L. (2024). Endogenous opioid receptor system mediates costly altruism in the human brain. Communications biology, 7, Article 1401.