N.M.I.D. (Naomi) Appelman
Faculty of Law
Information Law
Visiting address
- Nieuwe Achtergracht 166
Postal address
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Postbus 15514
1001 NA Amsterdam
Contact details
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Profile
Naomi is an interdisciplinary PhD researcher at the Institute for Information Law (IViR) broadly interested in how technology can obfuscate, reflect, or exacerbate social inequalities. Her research focuses on the contestability of algorithmic systems such as social media's content moderation systems as well as, broadly, the relation between online resistance and EU platform regulation.
Her research combines online speech and platform regulation with (agonistic) political philosophy. More concretely, her research asks how European law can facilitate contestation of the content moderation systems governing online speech. The aim of facilitating this contestation is to minimise undue exclusion, often of already marginalised groups, from online spaces and democratise the power over how online speech is governed.
Her PhD is part of the Digital Transformation of Decision-making project and the Digital Legal Studies sectorplan and is supervised by prof. Natali Helberger and Prof. Joris van Hoboken.
Connected to her PhD research she was a visiting researcher at the Humboldt Institute for Internet and Society Berlin, and she has co-authored several reports and papers on the topic of online speech regulation and automated decision-making. Finally, Naomi has previously done volunteer work at the Dutch digital rights NGO Bits of Freedom and is one of the founders of the Racism and Technology Center. -
Publications
2023
Quintais, J. P., Appelman, N., & Ó Fathaigh, R. (2023). Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation. German Law Journal, 24(5), 881-911. https://doi.org/10.1017/glj.2023.53 [details]- van Duin, A., Appelman, N., Zarouali, B., & Kosian, M. (2023). Schadelijke content en toegang tot recht op onlineplatforms: een empirisch onderzoek naar ervaringen van benadeelden. Tijdschrift voor Civiele Rechtspleging, 2023(2), 31-39. https://doi.org/10.5553/TCR/092986492023031002001 [details]
- van Hoboken, J., Quintais, J. P., Appelman, N., Fahy, R., Buri, I., & Straub, M. (Eds.) (2023). Putting the DSA into Practice: Enforcement, Access to Justice and Global Implications. Verfassungsbooks. https://doi.org/10.17176/20230208-093135-0 [details]
2021
- Appelman, N. M. I. D., Quintais, J. P., & Fahy, R. F. (2021). Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation. In R. Heiko, S. Marlene, & T. Erik (Eds.), To Break Up or Regulate Big Tech? Avenues to Constrain Private Power in the DSA/DMA Package (pp. 29-36). Max Planck Institute for Innovation and Competition. https://ssrn.com/abstract=3932809
- Appelman, N., Ó Fathaigh, R., & van Hoboken, J. (2021). Social Welfare, Risk Profiling and Fundamental Rights: The Case of SyRI in the Netherlands. Journal of Intellectual Property, Information Technology and Electronic Commerce Law, 12(4), 257-271. https://www.jipitec.eu/issues/jipitec-12-4-2021/5407 [details]
- Ó Fathaigh, R., Helberger, N., & Appelman, N. (2021). The perils of legally defining disinformation. Internet Policy Review, 10(4). Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.14763/2021.4.1584 [details]
2023
- Appelman, N. (2023). Disparate Content Moderation: Mapping Social Justice Organisations Perspectives on Unequal Content Moderation Harms and the EU Platform Policy Debate. Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam. https://dsa-observatory.eu/2023/10/31/research-report-on-disparate-content-moderation/ [details]
2022
- Appelman, N., & Leerssen, P. (2022). On "Trusted" Flaggers. Web publication or website, Information Society Project, Yale Law School. https://law.yale.edu/isp/publications/platform-governance-terminologies [details]
- Appelman, N., van Duin, J., Fahy, R., van Hoboken, J., Helberger, N., & Zarouali, B. (2022). Access to Digital Justice: In Search of an Effective Remedy for Removing Unlawful Online Content. In X. Kramer, J. Hoevenaars, B. Kas, & E. Themeli (Eds.), Frontiers in Civil Justice: Privatisation, Monetisation and Digitisation (pp. 217-236). Edward Elgar Publishing. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781802203820.00018 [details]
- Fahy, R. (Author), Appelman, N. (Author), & Helberger, N. (Author). (2022). The EU’s regulatory push against disinformation: What happens if platforms refuse to cooperate?. Web publication or website, Verfassungsblog. https://doi.org/10.17176/20220805-182037-0 [details]
- van Duin, J. M. L., Appelman, N. M. I. D., Zarouali, B., & van den Bosch, P. (2022). Rapport surveydata Schadelijk gedrag online in Nederland: Resultaten en nadere analyse van surveydata over de ervaringen van mensen in Nederland met schadelijk online gedrag en (juridische) stappen naar aanleiding daarvan. Universiteit van Amsterdam. https://www.ivir.nl/nl/schadelijk-gedrag-online/ [details]
- van Hoboken, J. (Author), Buri, I. (Author), Quintais, J. P. (Author), Fahy, R. (Author), Appelman, N. (Author), & Straub, M. (Author). (2022). The DSA has been published – now the difficult bit begins. Web publication or website, Verfassungsblog. https://doi.org/10.17176/20221031-095722-0 [details]
2021
- Appelman, N. (Author), Quintais, J. P. (Author), & Fahy, R. (Author). (2021). Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation: Is Article 12 DSA a Paper Tiger?. Web publication or website, Verfassungsblog. https://doi.org/10.17176/20210901-233103-0 [details]
- Appelman, N., Quintais, J. P., & Fahy, R. (2021). Article 12 DSA: Will platforms be required to apply EU fundamental rights in content moderation decisions?. Web publication or website, DSA Observatory. https://dsa-observatory.eu/2021/05/31/article-12-dsa-will-platforms-be-required-to-apply-eu-fundamental-rights-in-content-moderation-decisions/ [details]
- Helberger, N., Eskens, S., Strycharz, J., Bouchè, G., van Hoboken, J., van Mil, J., Toh, J., Appelman, N., van Apeldoorn, J., van Eechoud, M., van Doorn, N., Sax, M., & de Vreese, C. (2021). Conditions for technological solutions in a COVID-19 exit strategy, with particular focus on the legal and societal conditions: report for ZonMw. IViR, University of Amsterdam. https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/covid-report.pdf [details]
2020
- Appelman, N. M. I. D., Toh, W. J., Fahy, R. F., & van Hoboken, J. V. J. (2020). Techno-optimism and solutionism as a crisis response. In L. Taylor, G. Sharma, A. Martin, & S. Jameson (Eds.), Data Justice and COVID-19: Global Perspectives (pp. 190-195). Meatspace Press.
- Bodó, B., von Schwichow, H., & Appelman, N. (2020). Money Talks? Report on the one-day symposium on the impact of corporate funding on information law research. (Amsterdam Law School Legal Studies Research Papers; No. 2020-16), (Institute for Information Law Research Papers; No. 2020-02). Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Informatierecht. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3593350 [details]
- van Drunen, M. Z., Ausloos, J., Appelman, N. M. I. D., & Helberger, N. (2020). News Recommenders and Cooperative Explainability: Confronting the contextual complexity in AI explanations. (Paper Kenniscentrum Data & Maatschappij). KU Leuven, Centre for IT & IP Law. https://www.ivir.nl/nl/publicaties/news-recommenders-and-cooperative-explainability-confronting-the-contextual-complexity-in-ai-explanations/ [details]
- van Hoboken, J., Appelman, N., van Duin, A., Blom, T., Zarouali, B., Ó Fathaigh, R., Seel, M., Stringhi, E., & Helberger, N. (2020). WODC-onderzoek: Voorziening voor verzoeken tot snelle verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content: Eindrapportage. (WODC rapport; No. 3108). Instituut voor Informatierecht, Universiteit van Amsterdam. https://repository.wodc.nl/handle/20.500.12832/2489 [details]
2022
- Kosian, M., van Duin, A., & Appelman, N. (2022). Empirical research in Content Moderation and Access to Justice: do the remedies fit the harms?. Web publication or website, DSA Observatory. https://dsa-observatory.eu/2022/09/27/empirical-research-content-moderation-access-to-justice-do-remedies-fit-harms/ [details]
2021
- Appelman, N., van Brakel, R., Calatayud, J. M., Chelioudakis, E., Chiusi, F., Izdebski, K., Kaun, A., Männiste, M., Ó Fathaigh, R., Toh, J., Visser, B., & Wladdimiro Quevedo, C. (2021). Automating COVID responses: The impact of automated decision-making on the COVID-19 pandemic: Tracing The Tracers 2021 report. AlgorithmWatch. https://algorithmwatch.org/en/tracing-the-tracers/2021-report/ [details]
2020
- Appelman, N. M. I. D., & Fahy, R. F. (2020). Netherlands. In F. Chiusi, S. Fischer, & M. Spielkamp (Eds.), Automated Decision-Making Systems in the COVID-19 Pandemic: A European Perspective (pp. 25-26). AW AlgorithmWatch gGmbH.
- Fahy, R. F., & Appelman, N. M. I. D. (2020). Netherlands. In F. Chiusi, S. Fischer, N. Kayser-Bril, & M. Spielkamp (Eds.), Automating Society Report 2020 (pp. 164-175). AW AlgorithmWatch gGmbH.
2019
- van Hoboken, J., Appelman, N., Ó Fathaigh, R., Leerssen, P., McGonagle, T., van Eijk, N., & Helberger, N. (2019). De verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties: Tussenrapportage (oktober 2019). Universiteit van Amsterdam, Instituut voor Informatierecht. https://www.ivir.nl/publicaties/download/verspreiding_desinformatie_internetdiensten_tussenrapportage.pdf [details]
- van Hoboken, J., Appelman, N., Ó Fathaigh, R., Leerssen, P., McGonagle, T., van Eijk, N., & Helberger, N. (2019). Het juridisch kader voor de verspreiding van desinformatie via internetdiensten en de regulering van politieke advertenties: eindrapportage. Instituut voor Informatierecht, Universiteit van Amsterdam. https://www.rijksoverheid.nl/documenten/rapporten/2019/12/31/het-juridisch-kader-voor-de-verspreiding-van-desinformatie-via-internetdiensten-en-de-regulering-van-politieke-advertenties [details]
- van Hoboken, J., Appelman, N., Ó Fathaigh, R., Leerssen, P., McGonagle, T., van Eijk, N., & Helberger, N. (2019). The legal framework on the dissemination of disinformation through Internet services and the regulation of political advertising: final report. Institute for Information Law, University of Amsterdam. https://www.ivir.nl/nl/publicaties/the-legal-framework-on-the-dissemination-of-disinformation-through-internet-services-and-the-regulation-of-political-advertising/#pub-abstract-19752 [details]
Prize / grant
- van Duin, A., Appelman, N. & Zarouali, B. (2021). Thematic Research Grant - Amsterdam Centre for European Studies.
Media appearance
- Appelman, N. (12-12-2022). Microsoft zet honderden Nederlanders zonder uitleg uit account: 'Dit is bizar' [Web] RTL nieuws. Microsoft zet honderden Nederlanders zonder uitleg uit account: 'Dit is bizar'. https://www.rtlnieuws.nl/tech/artikel/5351201/microsoft-zet-honderden-nederlanders-zonder-uitleg-uit-account
- Appelman, N. (10-11-2022). Planet B: racistische technologie en inclusieve platforms [Radio] Waag Futurelab podcast: Planet B. racistische technologie en inclusieve platforms. https://waag.org/nl/article/beluister-podcast-2-racistische-technologie-en-inclusieve-platforms/
- Appelman, N. (31-01-2022). Populaire en omstreden podcast Joe Rogan brengt Spotify in spagaat [Web] NOS. Populaire en omstreden podcast Joe Rogan brengt Spotify in spagaat. https://nos.nl/artikel/2415224-populaire-en-omstreden-podcast-joe-rogan-brengt-spotify-in-spagaat
- Appelman, N. (28-01-2022). Eigen toezichtraad tikte Facebook in eerste jaar vaak op de vingers [Web] NOS. Eigen toezichtraad tikte Facebook in eerste jaar vaak op de vingers. https://nos.nl/artikel/2414800-eigen-toezichtraad-tikte-facebook-in-eerste-jaar-vaak-op-de-vingers
- Appelman, N. (13-12-2021). Predictive Policing [Radio] Bits of Freedom podcast. Predictive Policing. https://2021.bigbrotherawards.nl/podcasts/bba-aflevering-1-predictie-policing/
- Appelman, N. (13-10-2021). Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple en Microsoft. Hoe tem je de Big Five? [Television] Atlas. Google, Amazon, Facebook, Apple en Microsoft. Hoe tem je de Big Five?. https://www.npostart.nl/atlas/13-10-2021/VPWON_1328193
- Appelman, N. (30-09-2021). Youtube en vaccinatie misinformatie [Radio] Radio Veronica Ochtendshow. YouTube en vaccinatie misinformatie.
- Appelman, N. (29-09-2021). YouTube gaat video's met misinformatie over vaccins verwijderen [Web] NOS. YouTube gaat video's met misinformatie over vaccins verwijderen. https://nos.nl/artikel/2399692-youtube-gaat-video-s-met-misinformatie-over-vaccins-verwijderen
- Appelman, N. (11-11-2020). Slachtoffers van internetpesten hebben geen idee hoe ze hun recht kunnen halen [Print] Trouw. Slachtoffers van internetpesten hebben geen idee hoe ze hun recht kunnen halen. https://www.trouw.nl/binnenland/slachtoffers-van-internetpesten-hebben-geen-idee-hoe-ze-hun-recht-kunnen-halen~bd37a426/
- Appelman, N. (11-11-2020). Voorziening voor verzoeken tot snelle verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content“ op Bussiness News Radio [Radio] BNR spituur. Voorziening voor verzoeken tot snelle verwijdering van onrechtmatige online content“ op Bussiness News Radio, Spitsuur. https://www.bnr.nl/player/archief/20201111172310300
- Appelman, N. (01-09-2020). Het SyRI debat (Podcast) [Other] De Dataloog. Het SyRI debat. https://open.spotify.com/episode/1PgnT0HJPhr6JLxl4T6FaY?si=sxdrzdifRzeEJi--ujIobw&nd=1
Talk / presentation
- van Duin, A. (speaker) & Appelman, N. (speaker) (5-4-2023). Rethinking Remedies for Harmful Online Content, Socio-Legal Studies Annual Conference 2023 .
- Appelman, N. (speaker) (24-11-2022). Pushing back against Big Tech: The regulatory environment for challenging content enforcement decisions, Digital Legal Talks 2022, Utrecht.
- Appelman, N. (speaker) (1-11-2022). Algorithmic Content Moderation Through an Agonistic Lens, Radical approaches to platform governance, Dublin.
- Appelman, N. (speaker) (8-9-2022). Algorithmic content moderation through an agonistic lens: contesting online exclusion, The Manchester Centre for Political Theory Annual conference
, Manchester. https://sites.manchester.ac.uk/mancept/mancept-workshops/programme-2022-panels/digitaldemocracy/ - Appelman, N. (speaker) (2-9-2022). Symposium Internetscriptieprijs, Internet scriptieprijs 2022, Amsterdam. https://www.internetscriptieprijs.nl/programma-symposium-uitreiking-bekend/
- Toh, J. (speaker) & Appelman, N. (speaker) (14-7-2022). International dimensions of Law & Political Economy, Law and Society, Lisbon.
- Appelman, N. (speaker) (31-5-2022). Inclusion and Exclusion in Social Media Governance, Leibniz Institute for Media Research | Hans-Bredow-Institut. https://www.hans-bredow-institut.de/en/events/inclusion-and-exclusion-in-social-media-governance
- Appelman, N. (speaker) (13-4-2022). Tracing the contestability of content moderation: Where are the users?, Global Internet Governance Actors, Regulations, Transactions and Strategies, Nicosia. https://www-npa.lip6.fr/gig-arts/conference/gig-arts-2022/programme/
- Quintais, J. (speaker), Appelman, N. (speaker) & Ó Fathaigh, R. (speaker) (29-3-2022). Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation: Is Article 12 DSA a Paper Tiger, TILT seminar. https://www.tilburguniversity.edu/tilt-seminar-march2022
- Appelman, N. (speaker) (19-3-2022). Trusted Flaggers, Yale University.
- Appelman, N. (speaker) (7-3-2022). Marginalised Voices Online, MozFest 2022.
- Quintais, J. (speaker), Appelman, N. (speaker) & Ó Fathaigh, R. (speaker) (24-2-2022). Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation: Is Article 12 DSA a Paper Tiger, IE Law School Private Law Series. https://legrob.ie.edu/2022/01/31/on-thursday-february-24th2022-joao-pedro-quintaisnaomi-appleman-ronan-fahy/
- Quintais, J. (speaker), Appelman, N. (speaker) & Ó Fathaigh, R. (speaker) (8-12-2021). Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation: Is Article 12 DSA a Paper Tiger?, Digital Legal Talks. https://www.sectorplandls.nl/wordpress/digital-legal-talks-2021/
- Quintais, J. (speaker), Appelman, N. (speaker) & Ó Fathaigh, R. (speaker) (15-11-2021). Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation: Is Article 12 DSA a Paper Tiger?, PERCOLATING THE DSA PACKAGE – PERSPECTIVES FOR A DIGITAL DECADE. https://digidem.weizenbaum-institut.de/wp-content/uploads/2021/10/2021-DSA-Workshop-Agenda.pdf
- Appelman, N. (speaker) (11-6-2021). Out of "site," out of mind? How platform regulation can better protect the human rights of non-users, RightsCon.
- Ó Fathaigh, R. (speaker), Helberger, N. (speaker) & Appelman, N. (speaker) (27-5-2021). The Perils of Legally Defining Disinformation, 71st International Communication Association Conference.
- Leerssen, P. (invited speaker), Appelman, N. (invited speaker) & Sax, M. (speaker) (17-12-2020). Platform Monopolies, Conglomerates and The Digital Markets Act,
PEPTalk #1: Big Tech Platform Power Regulation
. - Appelman, N. (speaker) & van Duin, A. (speaker) (17-11-2020). Injured on the Internet: The Route to an Effective Remedy for Removing Unlawful Online Content, Frontiers in Civil Justice, Rotterdam.
- Appelman, N. (speaker) (17-6-2020). The experience of people in the Netherlands with online content that causes personal harm and the route to an effective remedy, Workshop on Empirical Approaches to Platform Governance Research.
- Appelman, N. (invited speaker) (26-2-2020). ADM and the SyRI judgment., Gemeente Amsterdam.
Others
- van Duin, A. (organiser), Leerssen, P. (organiser), Buri, I. (participant) & Appelman, N. (participant) (1-12-2023). Expert workshop 'Navigating the DSA's procedural turn: lessons from consumer law for ODR' (organising a conference, workshop, ...).
- Naudts, L. (organiser), Helberger, N. (organiser), Piasecki, S. (organiser), Spaargaren , S. (organiser), Viktorija , M. (participant), Senftleben, M. (participant), van Daalen, O. (participant), Appelman, N. (participant) & Hacker, P. (participant) (31-3-2023). The Impact We Generate #1. In this panel discussion, organised by the AI, Media & Democracy Lab, we will dive into legal and governance aspects regarding the technology’s (…) (organising a conference, workshop, ...).
- Quintais, J. (organiser), Appelman, N. (organiser), Ó Fathaigh, R. (organiser), Buri, I. (organiser) & van Hoboken, J. (organiser) (25-2-2022). “Exploring Article 12 of the Digital Services Act: Terms and Conditions and Fundamental Rights” . Large online platforms provide an unprecedented means for exercising freedom of expression online and wield “enormous power” over public (…) (organising a conference, workshop, ...).
This list of publications is extracted from the UvA-Current Research Information System. Questions? Ask the library or the Pure staff of your faculty / institute. Log in to Pure to edit your publications. Log in to Personal Page Publication Selection tool to manage the visibility of your publications on this list. -
Ancillary activities
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Stichting Racism and Technology Center
Deel van het bestuur (onbezoldigd) van de stichting.
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Stichting Racism and Technology Center
Quintais, J. P., Appelman, N., & Ó Fathaigh, R. (2023). Using Terms and Conditions to apply Fundamental Rights to Content Moderation. German Law Journal, 24(5), 881-911.